van der Heyd Violins https://vanderheyd.com/en/ Violin maker based in Frankfurt and Bamberg Wed, 24 Jan 2024 14:13:24 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://vanderheyd.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-200306-vdH-img-Logo-Wappen-500x500-zentriert-150x150.png van der Heyd Violins https://vanderheyd.com/en/ 32 32 Strings of time: the history of violin making https://vanderheyd.com/en/violin-making-history/ Wed, 02 Aug 2023 13:28:05 +0000 https://vanderheyd.com/violin-making-history/

In this article we would like to introduce you to the fascinating history of stringed instruments, from the first primitive precursors to the acoustically perfected masterpieces of our time. We will highlight the cultural influence of different eras and nations on the design and timbre of the instruments, and focus on the role of the violin makers – those highly specialized craftsmen who have preserved and developed the heritage of this unique musical instrument over generations.

By looking at both the most famous masters of their craft and the lesser known representatives of this guild, we aim to paint a comprehensive picture of the world of violin making and highlight its importance to our musical landscape. Join us on this foray through history and discover the fascinating facets and infinite variety of stringed instruments and their creators.

The birth of melody

The miraculous development of stringed instruments

When people on the Eurasian continent produced the first sounds from animal sinews and simple woods, no one would have expected that these rudimentary beginnings would represent the birth of an instrumental dynasty. The stringed instruments we know and love today have a history that goes back thousands of years and finds its origins in prehistory.

In the art of stringed instruments we find a thread that weaves through the history of human culture. One of the earliest known ancestors of modern stringed instruments is the ravanastron, a two-stringed instrument that dates back to ancient Sri Lanka.

But over time, the forms and functions of the instruments began to refine. The ancient Greeks used instruments such as the lyre and the kithara, which laid the foundation for the development of the medieval fiddle.

And then, in the midst of the Italian Renaissance, the curtain was raised on the golden age of violin making. Instrument makers such as Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri began to shape the violin, viola, cello and double bass – instruments that remain unsurpassed to this day.

Every era, every culture has played its part in shaping the history of stringed instruments. It is a story of beauty and melancholy, of craftsmanship and creativity – a story as diverse and colorful as the music played on these wonderful instruments.

The master class of harmony

The evolution of European violin making

European violin making is a melody that has unfolded over centuries, and its harmonies still echo in the ears of music lovers around the world. In the hands of European violin makers, music acquired a new voice, a voice that could express the emotions of the human heart.

The foundation of European violin making was formed in the Middle Ages. As understanding of acoustics and sound quality increased, craftsmen developed instruments with refined shapes and techniques. But the true revolution in violin making was to begin during the Renaissance in Italy.

Cremona, an Italian city already known at the time for its thriving artistic life, became the birthplace of this new era. Great names such as Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri are inextricably linked with this city. Their instruments set the standard for quality and their sound remains unmatched to this day.

The Italian art of violin making radiated beyond the country’s borders and inspired craftsmen throughout Europe. In France, a new 18. and 19th century the famous Mirecourt school. Her contribution to violin making brought innovation in manufacturing and helped bring high quality instruments to a wider audience.

The development of European violin making is a fascinating chapter in the history of music. It tells of the tireless search for perfection, the attention to detail and the deep connection to music. And it’s a story that continues to this day, as masters of the craft still strive to push the boundaries of music even further.

Master of sound

The great violin makers and their incomparable influence

The art of violin making is inextricably linked with the names of several outstanding masters whose exquisite skill and artistic genius have left their mark on the history of music. Their instruments have not only endured for centuries, but also remain the epitome of first-class sound quality and masterful craftsmanship to this day.

At the root of this extraordinary pedigree of violin making is Andrea Amati. The 16th century Italian, often considered the father of the modern violin, developed the basic shape of the instrument we are so familiar with today. His instruments, adorned with lavish ornamentation and endowed with a distinctive timbre, set the first standard for subsequent generations of violin makers.

One of these successors was Antonio Stradivari. This master, whose name is still synonymous with perfection in violin making, refined and revolutionized the design and sound of the violin. Stradivari violins are known worldwide for their powerful, clear tone and unsurpassed playability. Every single one of his instruments is a work of art that is still appreciated by soloists and collectors all over the world.

But no less impressive was the contribution of Guarneri del Gesù, another grand master of the art of violin making. His instruments, which are characterized by a unique depth and volume of sound, have a special place in the world of stringed instruments. The famous violinist Niccolò Paganini swore by his Guarneri del Gesù, helping the master to posthumous fame.

Each of these masters left a distinctive stamp on the legacy of violin making. They laid the foundations and paved the way for generations of craftsmen and artists who, in turn, continued the pursuit of perfection in sound. They have left the music world gifts of inestimable value, which to this day touch the hearts of musicians and music lovers around the world.

The symphony of the craft

Violin making in the 21st century

When we think of violin making, we often imagine an image from centuries past: Workshops where craftsmen work with traditional tools to shape a precious violin from a piece of wood. However, although this traditional craft is still highly valued and cultivated, violin making in the 21st century has broken new and fascinating ground.

Modern violin making is an impressive blend of tradition and innovation. Old mastery meets new technology, and the result is a breathtaking variety of string instruments that leave nothing to be desired in terms of quality and sound. In many workshops, the artisan tradition is still preserved, making instruments in the same way as the masters of the 17. and 18th century did. With a careful hand and a lot of attention to detail, instruments are still created that do not have to fear comparison with the old masters.

But at the same time, new materials and technologies have found their way into the workshops. Carbon fiber, a material originally from the aerospace industry, is now also being used in the construction of stringed instruments. Violins made of carbon fiber impress with their light weight, robustness and amazingly good sound. And they are just one example of the many innovations that are revolutionizing violin making.

Digitalization has also made its way into violin making. Computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques can produce instruments with a precision and consistency that would have been unthinkable in the past. And at the same time, these technologies also offer new opportunities for experimentation and creative design.

What all these developments have in common is their goal: the pursuit of the perfect instrument capable of expressing the rich nuances of music. Because despite all the changes and innovations, this is the heart of violin making – the creation of an instrument that transforms sound into art.

Stretching the bow

A look into the future of violin making

The journey through the centuries that we have traveled in the footsteps of violin making impressively shows how much this art form is a symbiosis of tradition and innovation. From the primitive beginnings of stringed instruments to the high-tech manufacturing methods of the present day, violin making has always broken new ground in achieving the perfect harmony of material, craftsmanship and sound.

In the present, it is more exciting than ever to witness these developments. For modern violin making moves between the poles of preservation and renewal. He appropriates old master techniques while using new, innovative materials and manufacturing techniques to push the sonic boundaries further and further. Yet despite all the technical advances, violin making remains at its core a craft driven by a love of music and the pursuit of artistic perfection.

A glimpse into the future of violin making promises to continue this fascinating journey. With new materials and technologies being developed in the coming years and decades, violin making will continue to explore new sonic landscapes. In the process, the instruments may be changed in form and material, but never in their essence – the ability to express emotions and stories through music.

In this continuous evolution lies the true magic of violin making: it is and remains a living expression of human creativity and musical endeavor. And just like music itself, violin making will never stand still, but will continue to search for new ways to refine and enrich the language of sound. And that’s what makes the journey so exciting. So all that remains is for us to look forward with anticipation to the future and to be enchanted by the music that resounds from these wonderful instruments.

Conclusion by Kevin Klockzin

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]]> Care and maintenance of stringed instruments: tips for long-lasting quality https://vanderheyd.com/en/instrument-care/ Wed, 26 Jul 2023 14:41:41 +0000 https://vanderheyd.com/instrument-care/

Stringed instruments, from violins to cellos, are finely crafted masterpieces that require careful maintenance and care to ensure their best possible sound and longevity. In this guide we will give you detailed information about various aspects of string instrument maintenance and care.

When and how often maintenance should be performed

Regular and conscientious maintenance of a stringed instrument is an indispensable aspect of its upkeep. Taking into account the individual frequency of use, the specific requirements of the instrument and the respective environmental conditions, a decisive factor in maintenance is the regular change of strings. Usually, the strings should be replaced at a rhythm of 6 to 12 months. Indicators of this may include a dull sounding tone or difficulty tuning the strings.

The bow also requires special attention. After about 6 months to a year, the bow hair may lose grip or fray. In this case, bow rehairing should be performed to ensure the best possible performance of the instrument.

In addition, regular cleaning of the instrument after each use is essential to prevent the accumulation of dust and rosin residues. A soft cloth is excellent for gently cleaning the instrument.

Finally, at least annual inspection and adjustment by a professional luthier or instrument maker is recommended. These professionals have the skill and expertise to perform minor repairs, adjust the bridge and soundpost, and check other aspects of the instrument that may need maintenance. This careful care and maintenance can significantly affect and improve the life and sound quality of your stringed instrument.

Longevity through careful care

Stringed instruments represent significant investments whose life and sound quality can be significantly optimized through conscientious care and regular maintenance.

A main task in the care of a stringed instrument is regular cleaning after each use. Dust, sweat and rosin residues should be thoroughly removed. A soft, lint-free microfiber cloth is ideal for gently cleaning the surface of the instrument while avoiding possible damage to the delicate varnish.

In addition to cleaning, control of environmental conditions also plays a critical role in the longevity of the instrument. Extreme temperatures and high humidity can damage the wood of the instrument and affect its structure. Ideally, the instrument should be stored in a room with a controlled temperature of about 20°C and a relative humidity of 40 to 60%. To protect the instrument from severe temperature fluctuations and damage, it should always be stored in a suitable, well-padded instrument case.

The bow also requires careful maintenance to ensure its longevity. Overtensioning of the bow, as evidenced by an excessively stiff bow and excessive tension on the bow hairs, should be avoided at all costs. This can stress the wood of the bow and damage it in the long run. The hair of the bow should be loosened after each playing and renewed by a professional about every 6 months to a year.

Proper care and maintenance of a stringed instrument is an ongoing process that requires the musician’s awareness and attentiveness. But the reward is an instrument that delivers its best sound for years and gives pleasure in making music.

Ideal storage

At 20°C room temperature and 40 to 60% humidity.

What are rosin residues?

Rosin, also known as bow resin, is applied to the hairs of the bow of a stringed instrument to increase the friction between the bow hairs and the strings. This allows the bow to effectively vibrate the strings to produce tones.

When a stringed instrument is played, small particles of rosin can fall off the bow hairs and accumulate on the surface of the instrument. These often leave a sticky, dusty layer on the instrument, especially under the strings and near the bridge. These accumulations are called rosin residues.

Rosin residues should be removed regularly, as over time they can affect the instrument’s varnish and compromise its appearance and possibly its sound quality. As already mentioned, a soft, dry cloth is usually sufficient for removal. For more stubborn residues, special cleaning agents for stringed instruments can be used.

Sweat and its effects on stringed instruments

Sweat can affect a stringed instrument in subtle but damaging ways. The acids and salts contained in sweat can attack the instrument’s varnish and metal strings over time. They can even damage the hairs of the bow by reducing their ability to absorb rosin and making them brittle. Damage caused by perspiration to the varnish may manifest itself as irregular, cloudy or flaked areas on the surface of the instrument. On the bow hairs, increased brittleness or loss of grip may indicate damage from perspiration. To avoid this damage, it is important to clean the instrument thoroughly after each use. Here are some steps you should follow:
  1. Start with the strings. Use a soft cloth to wipe off excess rosin and sweat. There are also special string cleaners that you can use.
  2. Wipe the body of the instrument to remove sweat and dust. Be especially careful in areas that have had direct skin contact.
  3. Clean the bow by using a dry cloth to remove excess rosin and sweat from the hair.
  4. Don’t forget to take care of the bow: loosen the bow hairs after each use to relieve tension and prevent overtension.
For musicians who tend to sweat a lot, some additional measures might be helpful. Wearing long-sleeved shirts or using a wrist sweatband can help minimize sweat contact with the instrument. There are also special cloths and polishes that can help protect the varnish of the instrument from sweat. By following these tips, you can minimize the effects of sweat on your stringed instrument and improve its longevity and sound quality.

Use of cleaning agents

When cleaning a stringed instrument, care should always be taken to avoid damaging the delicate wood and varnish.

For basic cleaning, such as removing dust, sweat or excess rosin, a soft, dry, lint-free cloth is usually sufficient.

If special cleaning agents are needed, for example to remove stubborn rosin residues or to care for the varnish, these should be specially designed for stringed instruments. There are a number of special cleaning and care products for stringed instruments on the market that are safe and effective.

Before using any cleaning or care product, always read the instructions on the packaging and follow them carefully. It is also advisable to test the product first on an inconspicuous area of the instrument to ensure that it will not have a negative effect on the varnish or wood.

Avoid using household cleaners or solvents as they may damage the varnish and wood of the instrument. Likewise, water should never be used to clean the instrument, as this can swell the wood and cause permanent damage.

For serious staining or if you are unsure how to clean your instrument, it is best to take it to a professional. An experienced luthier or instrument maker will know how to best clean and care for your particular instrument.

Cost of professional maintenance

The cost of professional maintenance of a stringed instrument varies depending on the type and scope of the measures performed. A straightforward string change that refreshes the sound of the instrument can be done for as little as 10 to 20 euros, and is often done as part of a more comprehensive inspection and maintenance.

Somewhat more complex and costly is the bow rehairing. This process renews the bow’s natural horsehair, which loses grip and frays over time. The costs here range from 50 to well over 100 euros, especially if a special technique is used: the so-called “dry” rehabilitation. In this method, the hair is either not washed or not soaked to preserve certain properties of the hair, such as its natural grip, or to affect the tension and responsiveness of the hair.

The exact method of bow rehairing depends on the luthier and there is no general rule as to which method is better or worse. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a luthier for advice on which method is best for your individual bow and playing style.

After all, professional cleaning and polishing can cost anywhere from 125 to several thousand euros, depending on the value of the instrument. This service often includes thorough cleaning of the instrument, refreshing the varnish and other measures to improve the visual appearance.

Choosing the right time for maintenance

Choosing the right time to service your stringed instrument can make a big difference. Many professional musicians have their instruments serviced during the summer months, which can mean that repair shops and luthiers are especially busy. Therefore, it might make sense to schedule maintenance for the spring or fall months when temperatures are more moderate and shops may be less busy.

Stringed instruments are valuable and delicate instruments that require careful care and regular maintenance. With this information, you can ensure that your instrument will deliver its best possible sound for many years to come.

Conclusion by Kevin Klockzin

Proper care and maintenance of stringed instruments is critical to ensure their optimal sound and longevity. From regular cleaning to string changes and professional inspections, all of these aspects help keep the instrument in top condition. Last but not least, maintenance work should also take into account the specific requirements of the instrument, based on its materials, construction and age. Thus, the care of stringed instruments remains an art in itself, requiring both knowledge and dedication to preserve the unique sound and beauty of these precious musical instruments.

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]]> Fine woods – The importance of wood selection for violins https://vanderheyd.com/en/fine-woods-the-importance-of-wood-selection-for-violins/ Thu, 06 Jul 2023 12:13:56 +0000 https://vanderheyd.com/fine-woods-the-importance-of-wood-selection-for-violins/

Choosing the right wood to make a violin is a fascinating process that goes beyond the purely aesthetic aspect. It is about creating a sound masterpiece that touches the hearts of the listeners. In this article we will look at why spruce is considered the most popular type of wood for the top of a violin.

Immerse yourself in the world of violin making and discover the mysterious connection between this special wood and the unique sound that brings a violin to life. Ready to unravel the mystery of the spruce? Then read on!

Wood species in violin making: a world full of tonal nuances and fascinating properties.

Each type of wood plays its own unique role in creating a violin that embodies sound and quality. From the coveted spruce top that brings the sound to life, to the maple that gives stability to the body and neck, to the elegant ebony that adorns the tailpiece and fingerboard, each type of wood has its own story to tell.

200309 vdH img holz fuer streichinstrumente lager regal

The tree of music: why spruce is the queen of violin woods

Spruce (Picea abies) is the most commonly used wood for the top of a violin.

Sound properties

The spruce top has the ability to amplify and project the sound of a violin. Their light weight and specific fiber direction allow effective vibration transfer of the string resonance to the violin’s sound box. This results in a resonant, balanced and warm sound.

Elasticity and strength

Spruce wood has an excellent combination of elasticity and strength. These properties allow the soundboard to support the pressure applied to the strings while being flexible enough to effectively transmit vibrations. The soundboard must be able to move with the string vibrations in order to optimally support the sound.

Availability and tradition

Spruce is a widely used species and therefore more readily available than some other exotic woods. It has been used in violin making for centuries and has proven to be a reliable material. The tradition and experience of luthiers in processing spruce wood for violin tops also plays a role in its popularity.

Aesthetic reasons

In addition to the tonal properties, spruce wood has an attractive grain and color. The grain of the wood, combined with the varnish and polish of the violin, can create an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

This combination of tonal properties, elasticity, strength, availability and traditional use makes spruce the preferred species for the top of violins. The choice of the right spruce wood and careful workmanship are crucial to producing a high-quality violin top that optimally supports the individual sound character of a violin.

Occasionally, rosewood (Dalbergia spp.) is also used for the violin bow. It is equally known for its strength, flexibility and durability.

The use of maple for the body & neck

Maple (Acer) is often used for the body and neck of a violin because of its specific properties. Here are some reasons:

Stability and strength

Maple wood is known for its high strength and stability. These properties are crucial for the body and neck of a violin, as they give the instrument support and protect it from deformation and cracking.

Density and sound projection

Maple wood has a moderate density, which allows to focus and project the sound. This contributes to the sound quality and tonal assertiveness of a violin.

Aesthetics

Maple wood has a characteristic grain and light color, which gives the violin an attractive appearance. The unique patterns and textures of maple can enhance the beauty and individuality of the instrument.

Ease of processing

Maple is easy to machine and shape, making it easy for luthiers to design the body and neck to meet the specific requirements of the instrument.

Maple wood is simply wonderful material and offers an ideal combination of stability, sound projection and aesthetic appeal. Its characteristic properties make it a popular choice for the body and neck of violins. By carefully selecting and processing the maple, a luthier can create an instrument of high quality and with a characteristic sound profile.

Ebony fingerboards, pegs and tailpiece

Ebony (Diospyros spp.) is a wood that plays an important role in violin making, especially for fingerboards, pegs and the tailpiece.

Hardness and smoothness

Ebony is characterized by its exceptional hardness and smoothness. These properties make it ideal for fingerboards, as they allow the violinist to grip the strings precisely and effortlessly. The smooth surface of the ebony allows the fingers to glide smoothly over the fingerboard for a smooth and precise playing technique.

Resistance to wear

Ebony is known for its high resistance to wear and tear. Since the fingerboard of a violin is subjected to constant stress from the violinist’s fingernails, the resistance of the material is of great importance. Ebony retains its smooth surface and strength even with frequent playing over a long period of time.

Stability

Ebony is a very stable wood with low tendency to deformation due to temperature and humidity fluctuations. This is especially important for the fingerboard, as it is in direct contact with the strings and must ensure precise intonation. The stability of ebony helps minimize changes in fingerboard geometry and ensure consistent playability of the instrument.

Ebony is also highly desirable from an aesthetic point of view due to its deep, dark black color and fine grain. The noble look of ebony gives the fingerboard, pegs and tailpiece an elegant and high-quality appearance that enhances the overall look of the violin.

Due to its hardness, smoothness, resistance and aesthetic properties, ebony is the preferred choice for fingerboards, pegs and the tailpiece in violin making. It contributes to the quality, playability and aesthetic appeal of the instrument.

The exotics: alternative wood species in violin making

Besides spruce, maple and ebony, other types of wood are also used in violin making. To be mentioned are:

      1. Cedar(Cedrus): Cedar is occasionally used as an alternative to spruce for the top of a violin. It has similar acoustic properties and can produce a warm, lighter sound.
      2. Boxwood(Buxus sempervirens): Boxwood is often used for violin backs and ribs. It is known for its hardness and density, which can contribute to the sound projection and stability of the violin.
      3. Rosewood ( Dalbergia): Rosewood is occasionally used for fingerboards and pegs. It is known for its density, hardness and smoothness, which can provide good playability and a pleasant feel.
      4. Cherry(Prunus avium): Cherry wood is sometimes used for the body or neck of a violin. It has a beautiful grain and can add a distinctive visual appeal to the instrument.
      5. Grenadilla(Dalbergia melanoxylon): Grenadilla wood, also known as black ebony, is sometimes used for fingerboards, pegs and the tailpiece. It has similar properties to ebony and provides a sturdy and aesthetically pleasing option.

These wood species are just a few examples of the variety of woods that can be used in violin making. The choice of wood species depends on the violin maker’s individual preferences, tonal goals and aesthetic preferences. It is important to note that each wood has its own characteristic properties and affects the sound and quality of the violin in different ways.

The wood makes the music

In the hands of a talented musician, a string instrument comes to life and enchants listeners with its unique sound. But have you ever wondered what really makes the sound of a stringed instrument?

The answer lies, among other things, in the woods from which it is made. Because each piece of wood tells a story and brings its own personality to the sound.

Studies have shown that the specific types of wood from which a stringed instrument is made have a significant influence on the character of its sound. For example, research has shown that spruce wood provides good sound projection and produces a warm, resonant sound, while maple wood can add some brilliance and clarity to the sound. Studies were also conducted to explore the effects of other woods such as cedar, cherry, and rosewood on the sound.

The density of the wood affects the sound transmission and sound resonance. Higher density wood can help amplify the sound and provide better sound projection. The stiffness of the wood is important to provide a stable platform for the string vibrations and to minimize unwanted damping effects. The wood’s ability to resonate affects the instrument’s ability to respond to the vibrations of the strings and amplify the sound.

Different wood properties such as density, stiffness, resonance and structure influence the sound of a violin in complex ways. For example, higher density can result in a stronger, more penetrating sound, while lower density can produce a warmer, softer sound. Fine-tuning these characteristics, in conjunction with the instrument’s design and quality of craftsmanship, allows a luthier to shape a violin’s tonal character and create individual nuances.

Sound formation in string instruments is a complex interplay of many factors. In addition to the types of wood, of course, the construction, painting, shape and craftsmanship play a decisive role. Each luthier has his own approach and preferences in selecting and combining woods to achieve the desired sound. Scientific research offers valuable insights into the relationship between wood properties and the sound of a violin, but there also remains a certain subjective component to the sound design.

The reference and use of woods in violin making

Violin makers obtain their woods from various sources. Specialized dealers in tonewoods offer a wide range of species and qualities. These traders import woods from different regions, including the Alps, the Balkans and other parts of the world. In addition, luthiers establish contacts with wood suppliers, other luthiers, and musical instrument makers to obtain high-quality woods. Timber fairs and trade exhibitions also provide a platform for direct contact with timber suppliers and enable personal selection.

Criteria for the acquisition of wood

Several criteria play a role in the purchase of tonewoods. The quality of the wood is of central importance. Violin makers look for woods with uniform grain, good density and strong fibers that meet the requirements of violin making. They also take into account the tonal properties of the wood. Each wood has an individual sound signature, and luthiers select woods that provide the desired sound character and projection. The aesthetic features such as grain, color and texture also play a role as they contribute to the overall appearance of the instrument.

Storage and preparation of wood

After purchase, the wood must be stored for a certain period of time to adapt to environmental conditions and achieve stability. During this time, the moisture and tension of the wood equalize. The storage time varies depending on the type of wood and the individual preferences of the luthier and can last from a few months to several years. During this time, lumber should be stored under controlled conditions to ensure uniform drying and climate control. This is often done in special storage rooms with constant temperature and humidity.

Ecological aspects and sustainability

The sustainability of the wood species used is an important issue in violin making. Efforts are underway to regulate the timber trade and combat illegal logging. Violin makers are increasingly relying on the use of certified wood that comes from sustainable forestry. This contributes to the preservation of forests and protects

Conclusion by Kevin Klockzin

The choice of wood plays a decisive role in the sound and quality of a violin. Violin makers obtain their woods from specialized dealers, at wood fairs or through personal contacts. When purchasing, they attach importance to the quality, tonal properties and aesthetic characteristics of the wood. The woods must be stored for some time after purchase to adapt to environmental conditions and achieve stability. Storage is under controlled conditions to ensure uniform drying. In terms of sustainability, violin makers are increasingly relying on the use of certified wood from sustainable forestry. Wood selection is a fascinating process that significantly influences the sound character, playability and aesthetic appeal of a violin. It is the harmonious combination between the selected woods, their storage and the craftsmanship that makes a violin a masterpiece of sound.

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]]> The profession of violin maker in portrait https://vanderheyd.com/en/the-profession-of-violin-maker-in-portrait/ Mon, 06 Mar 2023 17:35:04 +0000 https://vanderheyd.com/the-profession-of-violin-maker-in-portrait/

The world of work is undergoing a fundamental transformation. After muscle power was successively replaced by machines starting in the 18th century, the substitution of human cognition now follows.

Hardly a day goes by without people talking or writing in the media about the major upcoming changes as a result of the fourth industrial revolution. Digitization is advancing inexorably at an ever faster pace. Like a river that grows stronger, it seems to take hold of all areas of life and carry them along. It is said that in the very near future, artificial intelligences could change the world of work in particular from the ground up.

But there are professions that seem like Gallic villages in this turbulent change of civilization and, at first glance, don’t quite want to fit into today’s world. The centuries-old craft of violin making is one such profession where bits and bytes seem to have little relevance.

Today we want to find out from Thomas van der Heyd whether this is true. He is one of Germany’s best-known violin makers and enjoys an excellent reputation among professional musicians.

What inspired you to become a violin maker?

I have actually always enjoyed working with my hands. It’s just in my blood. Through various internships in my youth, I then learned to love the material wood. Wood is a fascinating material that nature offers us. Warm, rich in color, rich in odor, hard or soft – an incredibly characterful natural material that can be worked in the most diverse ways.

191213 vdH img Streichinstrument im Bau

How does one become a violin maker?

In Germany, many prospective violin makers are apprenticed to a company for three years and attend a vocational school at the same time, where they are taught the necessary theoretical knowledge. You learn there, in addition to the proper handling of tools and expert processing of wood, many important basics. For example, in music, history and art. Likewise, mathematics and physics crop up from time to time in the training, because a good understanding of acoustics is very important in instrument making.

The special focus of the apprenticeship is the learning of professional drawing. Both in analog paper form and digitally with modern CAD programs. At the end of the apprenticeship, you then take your journeyman’s examination before the Chamber of Commerce.

As an alternative to an apprenticeship, students can attend the state vocational school for instrument making in Mittenwald. The duration of the training there is three and a half years, but the admission criteria are extremely demanding. Those who nevertheless meet the high requirements and receive a positive one from the school must be prepared for an intensive training period.

After passing their final examinations, many German journeymen then go to France or Italy for the time being in order to become acquainted with the violin making skills there. Both countries, along with Germany, are among the leading nations in violin making. Later, once you have built up a certain amount of experience as a journeyman, it is possible to qualify as a master craftsman and graduate musical instrument maker.

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What skills should a young violin maker have for the Bring profession?

I think a good prerequisite is if someone has already been playing a string instrument for a few years. Violin making is much more than just craftsmanship. A good ear, musicality and a high level of manual dexterity are absolutely required in this profession.

You should be able to handle tools and like to do so. In addition, instrument making requires particularly good fine motor skills, since many manual operations can only be performed with a great deal of dexterity.

In addition to the aforementioned musical background, an exceptionally good spatial imagination and an interest in physical and chemical processes are also an advantage.

As a violin maker, can you actually make other stringed instruments?

Yes, indeed! Violin makers also work with violas, cellos, double basses, viole d`amore, viols and historical fiddles. So generally with all instruments from the baroque period.

200229 van der heyd geigenbauer leistungen

What makes a good violin maker?

It’s complex. I think in the first place is the craftsmanship. And in all areas of violin and bow making. A good violin maker is well versed in the techniques of baroque construction and can independently design, make, repair or restore instruments. You don’t just have to be good at working with wood. If you have a good spatial imagination and an eye for design, you already have two important basic prerequisites.

You should also be reasonably proficient at drawing by hand in order to draft sketches and blueprints manually. In this respect, the profession of violin maker is similar to that of architect. Both disciplines require mathematical and physical knowledge to understand the statics of stringed instruments.

Furthermore, chemistry plays a not insignificant role. After all, when working with paints and primers, you need to be knowledgeable about their structure, formulations and correct application. Once the instrument is finished, you should be able to tune it properly.

No less important are the skills of bow making. This is often underestimated. Bows are no less complex and require a lot of craftsmanship. A good luthier must understand the interaction of instrument and bow in detail.

Now we have only talked about the basic requirements. In addition, sound theoretical expertise is required. Even during the training period, a lot of background knowledge is imparted, which is later crucial for the correct evaluation of instruments, among other things. In other words, historical knowledge about the time in which the instruments were created and what makes the special construction types of the regions.

Another important point, which in my opinion separates good luthiers from less good luthiers, is the cooperation with customers. As trivial as that may sound. This is about listening and understanding. Before starting a project, it is important to find out what the customer’s sonic expectations are. Only when you have a picture of these can you craft them.

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Do you play the violin or any other instrument regularly yourself?

When I do, I tend to play the cello. But unfortunately I don’t manage to do it regularly, because time simply doesn’t allow it.

How has the craft of violin making changed in recent years?

Similar to other craft products, the majority of instruments available on the market today are mass-produced. This is not a new trend, however, but began in the early industrial age. The first copy mills existed as early as 1900 to make the most exact replicas of famous stringed instruments. CNC machines have been used for this purpose for about 20 years. With the help of special software programs (CAD), the components are first either completely redesigned on the computer or the components of historical instruments are simply scanned. Based on the specifications of the 3D model, the required components are then precisely machined out of a piece of wood by a computer-controlled milling machine. For example, pre-milling of camber saves a lot of time and reduces production costs.

In traditional workshops, however, such machines are used rather rarely, because CNC milling machines not infrequently tear the thin wood at the interfaces, and this in turn has a negative effect on the sound of the instrument.

Even if modern machines can already do many things better and faster than humans – they still cannot replace numerous skills of traditional instrument making. For example, they lack the sense to correctly recognize different hardnesses of a wood. Without this intuition, the machine cannot respond to the different finishing thicknesses. In addition, a machine cannot assess specific and static conditions of an instrument. This is particularly crucial in the high-priced segment.

Modern measuring techniques, on the other hand, have become indispensable. Modern technologies are used in both new construction and restoration to ideally match instruments. Personally, I also consider this to be imperative. Today, dendrochronological examination, radiocarbon methods and chemical analysis are used in expert opinions to determine the age of instruments.

Apart from the production processes, however, it is primarily the production locations that have changed, because today instruments come primarily from Asia.

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How do "off the shelf" instruments differ from handmade instruments?

A lot has happened in mass production over the years and the machines used in production today are much better than they were just a few decades ago. Of course, this also affects the quality of the end products. This has generally increased significantly and allows even beginners with a small budget to acquire a solid school instrument.

Nevertheless, it must be clearly stated that in mass production everything is produced according to a pattern, which pushes these instruments to their limits early on. In the manufactories there, various workers work on the instruments in an assembly-line fashion. From this point of view, it is also manual work. Because devices that spit out finished violins do not yet exist.

High-quality instruments for professional musicians continue to be handmade in many hours of work and are specially adapted to the needs of customers. In the construction of a master violin, only the finest types of wood are used, which have been seasoned for many years and are later decisive for the special sound of an instrument. As well as the varnishes used, which play a significant role in the acoustics of the instrument. Here, each violin maker uses its own unique recipes.

You have three young children - would you advise them to become violin makers?

No! I always say: Learn something good, otherwise you’ll end up like me (grins)!

But seriously – violin making is a very beautiful and diverse profession that means a lifetime of development. The individual areas of expertise are inexhaustibly extensive. Violin making is more a passion than a profession. A clear separation of work and private life is not possible and conceivable for me. If my children want to choose a life-long demanding and fulfilling career, then definitely yes. In general, I would be happy to pass on my knowledge, passion and experience from this profession to my children. However, my children are free people and should be free to make their career choice accordingly in order to find their passion.

Is it possible to make a good living from violin making?

During the apprenticeship period, earnings are rather low. Without any support, be it from your parents or with Bafög, you can only make ends meet with a part-time job. Later, with increasing expertise, it becomes more financially rewarding. Of course, it depends very much on personal development and lasts differently for everyone. It can take several years before you can make a good living from your chosen profession.

Often, young violin makers want to become self-employed as quickly as possible and set up their own workshop. I understand that well, it’s just that many people vastly underestimate this step. Suddenly you have to do everything on your own and are responsible for every step. From new construction to restoration, consulting and finally trading. It is very difficult to find good employees who have the necessary expertise and can effectively take over tasks. We work with very valuable instruments. If these were damaged by a lack of expertise, we would have a problem. Damage caused by improper handling is not paid for by insurance.

That’s why I know many luthiers who, like me, spend 60 or more hours a week in the workshop themselves. During the day we often advise customers while at night, when peace has returned, we do the actual handiwork. Even on weekends and holidays.

What does the future of violin making look like?

I personally believe that violin making will become much more technical. The measuring techniques used today are constantly being improved, which helps us both in new construction but also in restoration. In addition, there are topics such as 3D printing. But augmented reality or even virtual reality could also perhaps find their way into our everyday working lives in just a few years. I have been observing this for some time with architects, engineers or medical professionals and can also imagine it in instrument making.

As far as the market for classical instruments itself is concerned, I am quite optimistic about the future. For a while it was said that the enthusiasm for classical music might gradually die out. However, I do not see any signs of this so far. In this respect, I consider violin making to be a relatively secure industry with good prospects for the future.

Conclusion by Kevin Klockzin

At its core a craft, violin making is an art form that combines both tradition and innovation. Violin makers combine skilled craftsmanship, aesthetic sensibility and a deep understanding of music to create instruments that not only impress visually, but also offer unique sound experiences. The profession requires patience, precision and a deep passion for music. In our fast-paced times, violin making remains an admirable profession that expresses the fascination for the stringed instrument in each handmade piece.

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Apply with us! We are looking for talented and passionate people who enjoy working with their hands and have an interest in musical instruments. Learning the craft requires a lot of patience, steady hands, good eyes, very good hearing and some skill. That sounds like you? We look forward to receiving your application.

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]]> String instruments as capital investment https://vanderheyd.com/en/string-instruments-as-capital-investment/ Mon, 25 Nov 2019 12:07:08 +0000 https://vanderheyd.com/string-instruments-as-capital-investment/

A stable and fascinating investment option

String instruments as an investment

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In a time of low interest rates, high real estate prices and volatile stock markets, many people are looking for alternative ways to safely invest or even grow their savings. In addition to real estate, many people inevitably think of expensive Rolex watches, rare sports cars, fine jewelry or precious metals such as gold when they think of investments. On the other hand, an interesting option, which has both artistic and exceptionally high economic value, are string instruments.

The trade in violins, violas and cellos often reaches five-, six- or even seven-figure sums, raising the question of whether stringed instruments can serve as a safe haven for investment. This article examines the suitability of stringed instruments as an investment, looks at the differences between them and other forms of investment, considers performance, and introduces the potential target audience.

String instruments as an investment

The question of whether stringed instruments are suitable as an investment cannot be answered in a general way. For normal, more short-term oriented investors, investing in string instruments may not be attractive due to their illiquidity. The sales process can take some time. Nevertheless, string instruments can be an interesting option for long-term investors, provided they are willing to wait for a potential sale.

String instruments are considered an uncomplicated capital investment with low ancillary costs and management expenses. In addition, they allow an investment with comparatively small sums and carry a lower risk of loss in value.

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Which instruments are suitable as an investment?

Classical Italian stringed instruments from the late 17th century to the early 19th century have shown the highest and most stable performance. Instruments of this period are considered desirable by connoisseurs.

French instruments, especially from selected violin makers, are also very popular. For bows, on the other hand, specimens made by 19th century French bow makers tend to be more interesting. When purchasing a stringed instrument, it is important to obtain certificates of authenticity from recognized violin experts and carefully inspect the instrument’s condition.

The value of string instruments:

A high-quality stringed instrument has a rich history and in a sense is not a dead object, but a “living” being. It has passed through many hands and has been played by various musicians.

The value of an instrument increases the more famous the musician who played it is. The emotional value of an instrument is difficult to measure and may be perceived differently by music enthusiasts. This emotional value makes pricing and selling more difficult.

The market for string instruments is considered opaque, which presents both sellers and buyers with the challenge of finding a trustworthy business partner.

The value stability of string instruments

In contrast to conventional investments, which are often subject to high volatility, string instruments show a very stable performance over centuries. Classic Italian instruments have seen annual appreciation of about six to seven percent in recent decades. No losses in value have been observed so far.

Handcrafted stringed instruments retain their value over the long term and often show a significant increase in value. Over the past thirty years, the average appreciation of high-quality historical string instruments has exceeded even that of residential real estate, at over six percent, and has been only slightly below that of equities, with significantly less risk.

In addition, high-quality instruments offer the opportunity to generate rental income through leasing.

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Correlation with the financial markets

A direct correlation between the performance of string instruments and developments on the financial markets is not measurable. One of the reasons for this is that, unlike shares, no continuous valuations are available. Auction prices and works such as the “Fuchs-Taxe” form the basis for observations of the market. However, these sources are updated only about every ten years.

The fox cab

The Fuchs Taxe is a renowned reference work for the stringed instrument trade. It was created by German violin expert Otto Möckel and named after violin dealer Alfred Fuchs, who published the first edition in 1953. The Fuchs-Taxe contains detailed information about historical stringed instruments, their origin, construction, value development and current market prices.

The information in the Fuchs Tax is based on extensive research, auction data and expert opinion. It is updated at regular intervals to reflect the current state of the market. The Fuchs Tax is an important tool for violin dealers, experts, collectors and investors to determine the value of stringed instruments and to support price negotiations.

However, it is important to note that the Fuchs Tax is only a guide and does not provide an absolute guarantee of the actual value of an instrument. String instrument price trends can vary widely, and further expertise and individual appraisal is required to determine the exact value of an instrument.

The role of the financial markets

In view of the low level of interest rates worldwide, negative key interest rates from the European Central Bank and the increasing burden of negative interest rates on private accounts, demand for investments in property, plant and equipment is gaining in importance worldwide. High-quality string instruments have achieved a stable performance of about 5-7% per year over the past decades. It can be assumed that similar increases in value can be expected in the future.

Thus, a high-quality stringed instrument is not only a cultural object and a musical instrument, but also a highly interesting capital investment.

Target group of string instrument investors

Typical investors usually include foundations, banks, and wealthy private investors with an interest in music. In recent years, more and more investors from the Asian region have joined in.

Acquisition of string instruments as a capital investment

If you would like to purchase a stringed instrument as an investment, we are the right partner for you. We have in-depth knowledge of the market, maintain trusting contacts with sellers and potential buyers, and are familiar with the necessary settlement processes as well as insurance and import/export regulations. Our experts can prepare value appraisals for instruments, competently appraise unknown instruments, and identify circumstances that reduce or increase value.

Checklist for the purchase of string instruments as a capital investment

Purchase the instrument from reputable luthiers, violin dealers or reputable auction houses. Check their reputation and experience in the industry.

Make sure that the instrument has a certificate of authenticity from recognized violin experts. This certificate confirms the authenticity of the instrument and can significantly increase its value.

Try to get as much information as possible about the history of the instrument. Which famous musicians have played it? Does it have any special features or characteristics?

Inspection of the instrument by a professional is essential. Look for possible repairs, damage or signs of aging. A thorough appraisal can help you identify any hidden defects or problems.

Test the instrument for sound quality. Listen carefully to make sure it has the sound character and quality you’re looking for. Take into account your own sonic preferences and requirements.

Try the instrument yourself, if possible, or have a professional musician play it for you. Pay attention to the playability, comfort and response of the instrument to different playing techniques.

Find out how similar instruments have performed in the past. Consider the market, demand and historical price trends. Note, however, that past performance is no guarantee of future gains.

Consult a violin expert who has in-depth knowledge and experience in dealing with stringed instruments. An expert can help you choose the right instrument, determine the value, and help you negotiate.

Keep in mind that high-quality string instruments often require a significant investment. Make sure you have sufficient funds to purchase the instrument and pay for maintenance and insurance, if necessary.

Clarify the seller’s return policy and warranty terms before you buy. A reputable seller should give you a reasonable return policy and possibly offer a warranty on the instrument.

Conclusion by Kevin Klockzin

In conclusion, it is advisable to invest time and effort in finding the right string instrument. Thorough research, expert advice, and personal preferences should be considered to ensure that the instrument you purchase meets your expectations both musically and as an investment.

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Are you looking to purchase a stringed instrument as an investment?

If you want to purchase a stringed instrument as an investment, we are the right partner for you. We know the market, have trustworthy contacts to sellers and potential buyers and are familiar with the handling and the necessary procedures in the environment (insurance, import/export regulations etc.). We can provide value appraisals for instruments and competently appraise unknown instruments as well as identify circumstances that reduce or increase value.

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